The literature
and the proponents of the Plate Tectonic and Continental Drift
theories have said that Alfred Wegener was the father of the Continental
Drift Theory 273 because he was the
first to produce a unified theory. The literature also recognizes
that there were earlier suggestions of the idea of Continental
drift. About 1800 Alexander von Humboldt, a German naturalist,
suggested that continents of South America and Africa were once
joined. Fifty years later Antionio Snider-Pelleginni, a French
scientist, suggested the same connection based on fossil findings.
In 1596 Abraham Ortelius also is credited with suggesting that
there was at one time a single super continent. 274
The proponents of both the Continental Drift and Plate Tectonic
theories have ignored the first mention in the literature of a
single continent. The earliest documented statement of a single
super continent was made by Moses in the book of Genesis. 275 This information is missing from all
the scientific literature. Genesis 276
also indicates "in the days of Peleg the earth was divided."
The division of the single super continent Gottsland, would provide
the basis for Laurasia and Gondwana and the start of the Continental
Drift.
Geologic Coastline Comparison
Some mention of using soil
type comparisons in matching coast lines as well as physical geometric
correlations is contained in the literature.277
However, no systematic world wide effort has been reported in
the literature that uses soils to match and/or correlate coastline
associations. NASA accumulated massive amounts of soil and rock
data for comparison with the returned lunar samples in an effort
to determine the origin of the moon. Several theories suggested
that the moon was initially a part of the earth and the comparison
of lunar and earth soil and rock samples would clarify the moon's
origin, and possibly the earth's origin. The experimental evidence
and geologic comparison of the lunar samples show the lunar material
had the same composition as earth samples and are of the same
general age. The differences were due to lunar samples being exposed
to very high vacuum and ultra violet radiation with an absence
of atmospheric moisture. The different mission samples from various
lunar landing sites indicate that the moon was probably formed
at the same time and from the same material as the earth, but
did not provide any additional definitive information on the origin
of the earth.
However, the effort did provide enormous amounts of information
and definition of soils are on a world wide basis. The United
Nations has also accumulated soil and geologic data from around
the world and much of this data has been reported in the references
given in footnote 108. Geologic and soil data have been
collected for most areas in the world by many groups for various
reasons. 278
Figure 25 Proposed Mediterrianean Coast
Many scientists have recognized geometric similarity between South America and Africa and have used this as a base for joining the continents. Based on a geometric match alone, one could place Italy along the southern coast of France as shown in Figure25
.....................
. Figure 26A Scandinavian Countries Open .
and match the Swedish coast to the Finish coast as shown in Figure26A and Figure 26B.
...Figure 26B Scandinavian Countries Closed
The general soil types on the Swedish and Finish coasts do correspond, but the general soil types on the western coast of Italy are not comparable to the southern coast of France. The soils of the southern coast of France are very similar to the Northern African coast. The soil types of the western coast of Italy are very similar to the soils along the gulf coast of Lybia, and the east coast soils and geometries of Italy correspond to the old Yugoslavian coast. If one matches the soil type to soil type, coast to coast along the Mediterranean Sea one could collapse the Mediterranean Sea as shown in Figure 27A and Figure 27B.
Figure 27A Open Mediterranean Sea
.
....... Figure 27B Closed Mediterranean Sea
These are not complete matches, data for complete coverage of the coast lines is not available but sufficient data is available to enable one to make these connections. The Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, see Figure 28 may also be collapsed by matching soils and coasts.
Figure 28 Seas Formed by Continental Drift
Figure 29 Australian Costal Matches
Australia also exhibits some unique soil and coast line correlations. The eastern and southeastern coasts of Australia match the western coastlines of India as shown.in Figure 29, but the northern coastline corresponds to the eastern coast of Africa. The soils and coastlines of Australia do not correspond to the southern tip of Africa or the eastern coast of India as indicated by the suggested arrangements of Pangaea or Gondwana as shown in Figures 4 and Figure 5, Chapter 2.
........... Figure 4 Pangaea ...............................
............. Figure 5 Laurasia/Gondwana
This continental fit would show that India was not associated with the southern tip of Africa and did not travel north and collide with Asia. Matching the soils and coastlines of South America to Africa poses some additional problems.
Figure 30 Continent and Soils Match - South America/Africa
The soils at point A, Figure 30 do correspond to the northwestern coast of Africa, but it is not a unique match. These soil types are also found along the northern coasts of Spain. In a similar manner the South American soils at point B are very general soil types and correspond to several locations. However, the soils at C, D, E, F and G do correspond to the African coast soil types and the geometry of the coastlines provides a good physical match. If these soil and coastlines are connected and the corresponding water areas collapsed, one would obtain a single super continent similar to Gottsland shown in Figure 31.
Figure 31 The New Pangaea - Gottsland
The general soil types and coastlines
of North America are similar to those of western European coastlines,
but they are not as definitive as the South America-African connections.
The Indonesian Islands do have a general soil match to the eastern
side of India and Burma. Antarctica and the Philippine Islands
are placed in the areas shown, but they did not base this on soils
or physical coastlines.
Conclusions for Gottsland
This continental arrangement for the super continent Gottsland
is in sharp contrast to that proposed for Pangaea in the Continental
Drift and Plate Tectonic Theories. In the Continental Drift Theory
no explanation was given for the arrangement of the continents
to develop Pangaea. The continental arrangement was proposed by
Wegener 279 and accepted by the scientific
community and none of the many papers on Continental Drift questioned
the physical design of Pangaea. Laurasia and Gondwana were derived
from Pangaea and also were generally accepted by the scientific
community without harsh debate. The Bible 280
indicates the single super continent did exist. The physical and
geological evidence points to the fact that a single super continent
did exist in the past and strongly suggests the arrangement of
the continents was closer to the Gottsland association than the
original proposed Pangaea.
© 1997, 1998, Aaron C Ministries
Cited References:
273
Martin
Schwazbach, Alfred
Wegner, the Father of Continental Drift (New York: Science
Tech, 1986). Return
274
James
Romm, "A New
Forerunner for Continental Drift, (Abraham Ortelius) Suggested
the Basic Elements of the Continental Drift Theory in 1596,"
Nature 367 (February, 1994): 407-8. Return
275
Genesis
1:9. And God said,
Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one
place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. [KJV] Return
276
Genesis
10:25 And unto Eber
were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days
was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. Genesis
10:25 [KJV] Return
277
J. T.
Wilson, ed., Continents
Adrift: Articles from Scientific American.; A. G. Smith,
"The Fit of the Southern Continents," Nature
225 (1970): 139.; Sir Edward Bullard, "The Fit of the Continents
Around the Atlantic," 41-51. Return
278
World
Directory of Rocks and Minerals (Morges, Switzerland, 1987).; F. A. O., Soil Maps
of the World,10
Volumes (Paris: UNESCO, 1974).; Soil Survey Staff, Soil
Taxonomy US Department of Agriculture Handbook
(1975).;
F. D. Stacey,
Physics of the Earth (New York: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 1969).; S.
R. Taylor, Lunar
Science: A Post-Apollo View, (New York: Pergamon, 1975).;
Rhodes
Fairbridge, ed.,
Encyclopedia of Sedimentology of Earth Sciences Series
(Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchison and Ross Inc., 1978).; R. P. Von Herzen, "The Deep Sea Drilling in
the South Atlantic," Science 168 (May, 1970): 1047-1059.; Jack E. Oliver, "The Big Squeese: How Plate
TectonicsRedistributes Mineral and Organic Resources," The
Sciences 31 (July, 1991): 22-8.; C. A. Moore, Handbook of Subsurface Geology
(New York: Harper & Row, 1963).; M. N. A. Peterson, Initial Reports of the Deep
Sea Drilling Project II (Washington: Government Printing
Office, 1970).; Proceedings of the Lunar Sample Symposium
I, II, III and IV (Houston: NASA Manned Spacecraft Center,
1973).; C.
L. Drake, "Continental
Margins and Geosynclines: The East Coast of North America,"
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 3 (Pergamon Press,
1959).; G. B.
Dalrymaple, "Rock
Magnetics Laboratory Upper Mantle Project, United States Program,"
National Academy of Science (Washington: National Research
Council, 1971): 128-289.Return
279
Alfred
Wegener, The
Origin of Continents and Oceans trans. John Biron, 1929 (New
York: Dover Publications, 1966). Return
280
Genesis
1:9. And God said,
Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one
place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. [KJV] Return